Amur Bitterling
The Amur Bitterling, Rhodeus sericeus, is a small fish of the carp family. It is sometimes just called "bitterling", but this is wrong: for one thing, it dates back to the time when the European Bitterling (Rhodeus amarus) was still considered conspecific with R. sericeus, for another, "bitterling" properly refers to any species in entire genus Rhodeus. The Amur Bitterling is found in Siberia, while the European Bitterling is found from European Russia westwards.
Mussels form an essential part of its reproductive system, with bitterling eggs being laid inside them. Long thought to be symbiotic with the mussels (whose larval phase attaches to fish gills during development), recent research has indicated they are in fact parasitic, with co-evolution being seen in Chinese bitterling and mussel species.
Mussels form an essential part of its reproductive system, with bitterling eggs being laid inside them. Long thought to be symbiotic with the mussels (whose larval phase attaches to fish gills during development), recent research has indicated they are in fact parasitic, with co-evolution being seen in Chinese bitterling and mussel species.
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| Rhodeus sericeus |
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Bitterlings usually reside in areas with dense plant growth. They are a hardy fish, and can survive in water that is not very well oxygenated. They grow to be 3-4 in. long at most. The bitterling's diet consists of plant material and small larvae of insects.
Colour Variation
There are 'transparent' scale variants of bitterlings, though not common, if exploited in the aquarium trade.
For photos of transparent variants of bitterlings, please see:
For photos of transparent variants of bitterlings, please see: